{"id":2380,"date":"2025-12-11T09:56:54","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T09:56:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maurobiglino.com\/immacolata-mediatrice-maria-nella-nota-del-vaticano\/"},"modified":"2025-12-11T10:23:48","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T10:23:48","slug":"immaculate-mediatrix-mary-in-the-vatican-note","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maurobiglino.com\/en\/immaculate-mediatrix-mary-in-the-vatican-note\/","title":{"rendered":"Immaculate mediatrix"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row fade_scroll=&#8221;yes&#8221; enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747930724485{padding-bottom: 25px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;abstract&#8221;]On the occasion of the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, I thought it appropriate to return to a theme that has been present in Christian theology for centuries: the figure of Mary.<br \/>\nA figure who, over time, has taken on an increasingly complex role, sometimes even superior to that of her Son, especially in popular devotion. This is the natural result of a historical process in which affection, imagination, liturgies, and legends have layered up to generate a Mariology much broader than the biblical texts allow.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747930712862{margin-top: 20px !important;margin-bottom: 50px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_video link=&#8221;https:\/\/youtu.be\/my3p_cx_IBw&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747930770591{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]The Church itself, aware of the risk of these exaggerations, recently intervened with a document from the <strong>Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith<\/strong>, entitled <em>Mater Populi Fidelis<\/em>, a doctrinal note dedicated to certain Marian titles that refer to Mary&#8217;s alleged \u201ccooperation\u201d in the work of salvation.<\/p>\n<p>This is an important document because it seeks to bring order to centuries of theological, iconographic, and popular elaborations that have produced an image of Mary that is often far removed from the texts.<\/p>\n<p>The Church openly acknowledges this: those titles attributed to Mary in popular devotion\u2014\u2018Co-redemptrix,\u2019 &#8216;Mediatrix of all graces,\u2018 &#8216;Our Lady of Grace,\u2019 &#8216;Our Lady of Good Counsel,&#8217; and so on\u2014<b>have no clear theological basis<\/b> and may even overshadow the uniqueness of Christ&#8217;s mediation.<\/p>\n<p>It is precisely this risk that the Note intends to limit.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_top_large:50px|margin_bottom_large:20px|margin_bottom_small:30px&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;2345&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747930838361{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;]<style>.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f06d0b .iconbox-icon-container{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:30;width:40 !important;height:40 !important;background:rgb(214, 167, 111);border-radius:1px;}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f06d0b .iconbox-icon-container:before{border-color:rgb(214, 167, 111);}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f06d0b .lqd-iconbox-title{margin-bottom:px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"iconbox text-align-default iconbox-square ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f06d0b vc_custom_1765447484044\" id=\"ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f06d0b\"  data-animate-icon=\"true\" data-plugin-options='{\"color\":\"rgb(0, 0, 0)\"}'  >\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\n\t<div class=\"iconbox-icon-wrap\"><span class=\"iconbox-icon-container\"><i class=\"lqd-icn-ess icon-num-1\"><\/i><\/span><\/div>\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Why is the Vatican intervening? The problem of Marian language<\/h2>\n<p>In the presentation of the document, it is stated that for decades the Holy See has received insistent requests to define new Marian dogmas \u2014 especially that of <b>Co-redemptrix<\/b> and that of <b>Universal Mediatrix<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>This pressure comes from both the \u201csimpler\u201d faithful and some sectors of the clergy.<\/p>\n<p>The Dicastery clarifies two fundamental points:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Marian devotion plays an important affective role in the life of the Church, because the faithful recognize in it the maternal tenderness of God.<\/li>\n<li>Many Marian titles that have arisen in popular piety do not have a defined theological meaning and risk generating confusion, especially when they seem to attribute to Mary a role that doctrine cannot recognize.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>One example concerns Marian apparitions: the Note refers to the <i>Norms on alleged supernatural phenomena<\/i>, which point out that many titles attributed to Mary in apparitions are inappropriate or theologically incorrect.<\/p>\n<p>The simple fact that, according to the accounts, Our Lady herself presents herself with definitions that the Church considers misleading should invite caution.<\/p>\n<p>In the document, therefore, the Church seeks to restore a balance: Christ is the Son of God, Mary is his mother, but <b>Mary is not divine<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>All too often, devotion has overstepped this boundary.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_top_large:50px|margin_bottom_large:20px|margin_bottom_small:30px&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;2354&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747930857330{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;]<style>.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f08b77 .iconbox-icon-container{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:30;width:40 !important;height:40 !important;background:rgb(214, 167, 111);border-radius:1px;}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f08b77 .iconbox-icon-container:before{border-color:rgb(214, 167, 111);}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f08b77 .lqd-iconbox-title{margin-bottom:px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"iconbox text-align-default iconbox-square ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f08b77 vc_custom_1765447475935\" id=\"ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f08b77\"  data-animate-icon=\"true\" data-plugin-options='{\"color\":\"rgb(0, 0, 0)\"}'  >\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\n\t<div class=\"iconbox-icon-wrap\"><span class=\"iconbox-icon-container\"><i class=\"lqd-icn-ess icon-num-2\"><\/i><\/span><\/div>\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Mary&#8217;s cooperation in the Scriptures: what do the texts really say?<\/h2>\n<p>The Note states that Marian cooperation in the plan of salvation is \u201cattested to in the Scriptures\u201d and cites several passages:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Genesis 3:15<\/b>, where Mary is glimpsed as the \u201cwoman\u201d who defeats the serpent;<\/li>\n<li><b>John 2<\/b> and <b>John 19<\/b>, where Jesus calls his mother \u201cWoman\u201d;<\/li>\n<li><b>Revelation 12<\/b>, the woman who gives birth to the Messiah under attack from the Dragon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But a philological and contextual reading shows a completely different picture:<\/p>\n<h3><b>\u2022 Genesis 3:15<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>It does not speak of Mary, but of the woman&#8217;s offspring, of a generic human line struggling with adverse forces.Attributing that passage to Our Lady is a later theological reading.<\/p>\n<h3><b>\u2022 The title \u201cWoman\u201d in John<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>It is a respectful appellation of the time, but it does not indicate a dogmatic role.Furthermore, in the story of the wedding at Cana, the Note cites verses 3 and 5, deliberately omitting verse 4:<\/p>\n<p><b>\u201cWhat do you want from me, woman? My hour has not yet come.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n<p>A phrase that, read without filters, shows an attitude that is anything but devout or hierarchically subordinate to Mary.<\/p>\n<h3><b>\u2022 Revelation 12<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>The woman in chapter 12 is not Mary: she is a symbolic figure, representing the messianic community or Israel.The woman flees into the desert, receives wings to escape, and is attacked by the dragon: elements that are completely incompatible with the historical life of the mother of Jesus.<\/p>\n<p>Marian cooperation, therefore, is <b>not a biblical fact<\/b>, but a result of subsequent theological interpretation.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_top_large:50px|margin_bottom_large:20px|margin_bottom_small:30px&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;2350&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747930857330{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;]<style>.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0aca7 .iconbox-icon-container{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:30;width:40 !important;height:40 !important;background:rgb(214, 167, 111);border-radius:1px;}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0aca7 .iconbox-icon-container:before{border-color:rgb(214, 167, 111);}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0aca7 .lqd-iconbox-title{margin-bottom:px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"iconbox text-align-default iconbox-square ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0aca7 vc_custom_1765447465742\" id=\"ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0aca7\"  data-animate-icon=\"true\" data-plugin-options='{\"color\":\"rgb(0, 0, 0)\"}'  >\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\n\t<div class=\"iconbox-icon-wrap\"><span class=\"iconbox-icon-container\"><i class=\"lqd-icn-ess icon-num-3\"><\/i><\/span><\/div>\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>How Mariology came about: liturgies, icons, and doctrine<\/h2>\n<p>The Note traces the history of Mariology, which originated mainly in the East.<\/p>\n<p>The Fathers speak of Mary as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Theotokos<\/i> (Mother of God),<\/li>\n<li><i>Aeiparthenos<\/i> (Ever Virgin),<\/li>\n<li><i>Panagia<\/i> (All Holy),<\/li>\n<li>\u201cNew Eve.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These titles do not derive from biblical texts, but from centuries of theological, poetic, and liturgical elaboration.Eastern icons contribute enormously: they become theological tools that shape the Church&#8217;s imagination more than the texts themselves.<\/p>\n<p>The West inherits all this and creates a further dogmatic framework, culminating in the dogma of the <b>Immaculate Conception<\/b>, which defines Mary as \u201cfirst among the redeemed\u201d: a theological formulation that guarantees the uniqueness of the Redeemer, but without any scriptural basis.<\/p>\n<p>And when we remember that \u201coriginal sin\u201d does not exist in the texts of the Old Testament, it becomes clear how much these constructions are the result of subsequent elaborations.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_top_large:50px|margin_bottom_large:20px|margin_bottom_small:30px&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;2358&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747930857330{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;]<style>.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0b6ab .iconbox-icon-container{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:30;width:40 !important;height:40 !important;background:rgb(214, 167, 111);border-radius:1px;}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0b6ab .iconbox-icon-container:before{border-color:rgb(214, 167, 111);}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0b6ab .lqd-iconbox-title{margin-bottom:px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"iconbox text-align-default iconbox-square ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0b6ab vc_custom_1765447458601\" id=\"ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0b6ab\"  data-animate-icon=\"true\" data-plugin-options='{\"color\":\"rgb(0, 0, 0)\"}'  >\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\n\t<div class=\"iconbox-icon-wrap\"><span class=\"iconbox-icon-container\"><i class=\"lqd-icn-ess icon-num-4\"><\/i><\/span><\/div>\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>The title of \u201cCo-Redemptrix\u201d: history of a correction<\/h2>\n<p>This is the most problematic title. The Note states\u2014clearly\u2014that it is <b>always inappropriate<\/b>. The term appeared in the Middle Ages as a correction of the even more audacious title of <b>\u201cRedemptrix.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n<p>It passed through hymns, sermons, and papal pronouncements: John Paul II used it several times, fueling the misunderstanding.<\/p>\n<p>But the Second Vatican Council avoided it. Ratzinger, both in 1996 and in 2002, declared it \u201cimmature doctrine\u201d and \u201cincorrect terminology.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The reason is simple:<\/p>\n<p><b>Mary cannot be placed on the same level as Christ.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>And theology itself recognizes that, since Mary was redeemed before she was born, she cannot have cooperated in her own redemption or that of others. The problem is theological and linguistic, but above all it is exegetical: the Bible does not recognize the concept of \u201ccoredeemption\u201d at all.<\/p>\n<p>It is a product of affective devotion that, over time, has become theology.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_top_large:50px|margin_bottom_large:20px|margin_bottom_small:30px&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;2362&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747930857330{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;]<style>.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0b908 .iconbox-icon-container{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:30;width:40 !important;height:40 !important;background:rgb(214, 167, 111);border-radius:1px;}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0b908 .iconbox-icon-container:before{border-color:rgb(214, 167, 111);}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0b908 .lqd-iconbox-title{margin-bottom:px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"iconbox text-align-default iconbox-square ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0b908 vc_custom_1765447451280\" id=\"ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0b908\"  data-animate-icon=\"true\" data-plugin-options='{\"color\":\"rgb(0, 0, 0)\"}'  >\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\n\t<div class=\"iconbox-icon-wrap\"><span class=\"iconbox-icon-container\"><i class=\"lqd-icn-ess icon-num-5\"><\/i><\/span><\/div>\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>The title of \u201cMediatrix\u201d: a mediation to be reevaluated<\/h2>\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-turn-id=\"9754071b-c0d5-4c95-bdcb-9e8ec4e21e37\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-72\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] thread-sm:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] thread-lg:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] thread-lg:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"b13d1230-f154-4fbb-87f5-dfbc1e760d50\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p>The title of \u2018Mediatrix\u2019 originated among the Eastern Fathers in the 3rd-6th centuries, arrived in the West later, and became a doctrinal thesis only in the 17th century.<\/p>\n<p>But the New Testament is clear:<\/p>\n<p><b>\u201cThere is only one mediator between God and humankind: Christ Jesus\u201d (1 Tim 2:5).<\/b><\/p>\n<p>The Church recognizes only:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>an \u201caffective\u201d or \u2018intercessory\u2019 mediation,<\/li>\n<li>a maternal role,<\/li>\n<li>but <b>no salvific mediation<\/b>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Second Vatican Council uses very limited formulas (\u201cmaternal help,\u201d \u201caid\u201d), carefully avoiding the idea that Mary can dispense anything.<\/p>\n<p>The new Note introduces the concept of Christ&#8217;s \u201cinclusive mediation\u201d: only He mediates grace; others can participate in a broad sense, but not as primary channels.<\/p>\n<p>Mary, therefore, is not and cannot be a universal mediator.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_top_large:50px|margin_bottom_large:20px|margin_bottom_small:30px&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;2366&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747930857330{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;]<style>.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bb41 .iconbox-icon-container{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:30;width:40 !important;height:40 !important;background:rgb(214, 167, 111);border-radius:1px;}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bb41 .iconbox-icon-container:before{border-color:rgb(214, 167, 111);}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bb41 .lqd-iconbox-title{margin-bottom:px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"iconbox text-align-default iconbox-square ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bb41 vc_custom_1765447443948\" id=\"ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bb41\"  data-animate-icon=\"true\" data-plugin-options='{\"color\":\"rgb(0, 0, 0)\"}'  >\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\n\t<div class=\"iconbox-icon-wrap\"><span class=\"iconbox-icon-container\"><i class=\"lqd-icn-ess icon-num-6\"><\/i><\/span><\/div>\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Mary&#8217;s grace and limits: where theology draws the line<\/h2>\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-turn-id=\"9754071b-c0d5-4c95-bdcb-9e8ec4e21e37\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-72\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] thread-sm:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] thread-lg:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] thread-lg:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"b13d1230-f154-4fbb-87f5-dfbc1e760d50\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p>This is perhaps the strongest section of the Note.<br \/>\nThe document states that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>no human being can be a universal dispenser of grace;<\/li>\n<li>only God gives grace, through the humanity of Christ;<\/li>\n<li>Mary does not intervene in the direct relationship between God and the believer;<\/li>\n<li>Neoplatonic models that imagine flows of grace through intermediaries must be rejected;<\/li>\n<li>Mary is not honored by attributing to her roles that belong only to God.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Church itself recognizes that attributing to Mary the function of distributor of graces is an error, both theological and biblical.<\/p>\n<p>This also applies to the other title discussed: \u201cMediatrix of all graces,\u201d which is judged doctrinally untenable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_top_large:50px|margin_bottom_large:20px|margin_bottom_small:30px&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;2370&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747930857330{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;]<style>.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bd6d .iconbox-icon-container{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:30;width:40 !important;height:40 !important;background:rgb(214, 167, 111);border-radius:1px;}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bd6d .iconbox-icon-container:before{border-color:rgb(214, 167, 111);}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bd6d .lqd-iconbox-title{margin-bottom:px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"iconbox text-align-default iconbox-square ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bd6d vc_custom_1765447437623\" id=\"ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bd6d\"  data-animate-icon=\"true\" data-plugin-options='{\"color\":\"rgb(0, 0, 0)\"}'  >\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\n\t<div class=\"iconbox-icon-wrap\"><span class=\"iconbox-icon-container\"><i class=\"lqd-icn-ess icon-num-7\"><\/i><\/span><\/div>\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Between popular faith and doctrine: a difficult balance<\/h2>\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-turn-id=\"9754071b-c0d5-4c95-bdcb-9e8ec4e21e37\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-72\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] thread-sm:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] thread-lg:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] thread-lg:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"b13d1230-f154-4fbb-87f5-dfbc1e760d50\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p>The Note, however, does not deny Marian piety.<br \/>\nOn the contrary, it values it:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pilgrimages,<\/li>\n<li>icons,<\/li>\n<li>shrines,<\/li>\n<li>the \u201ccaress of the Mother,\u201d<\/li>\n<li>the affective dimension.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The faithful have always sought intermediary figures: a model that has its roots in ancient religions, from the Lamassu to the Mesopotamian Shedim. The biblical \u201cmessengers\u201d themselves\u2014the malakhim\u2014played intermediary roles.<\/p>\n<p>Mary, the angels, and the saints perform the same psychological and symbolic function today.<\/p>\n<p>The problem arises when popular imagination exceeds the boundaries that doctrine can accept. In fact, the Church maintains pastoral openness but sets precise theological limits.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_top_large:50px|margin_bottom_large:20px|margin_bottom_small:30px&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;2374&#8243; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1765447142535{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;]<style>.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bf99 .iconbox-icon-container{color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:30;width:40 !important;height:40 !important;background:rgb(214, 167, 111);border-radius:1px;}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bf99 .iconbox-icon-container:before{border-color:rgb(214, 167, 111);}.ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bf99 .lqd-iconbox-title{margin-bottom:px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"iconbox text-align-default iconbox-square ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bf99 vc_custom_1765447379705\" id=\"ld_icon_box_6aa9c46f0bf99\"  data-animate-icon=\"true\" data-plugin-options='{\"color\":\"rgb(0, 0, 0)\"}'  >\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\n\t<div class=\"iconbox-icon-wrap\"><span class=\"iconbox-icon-container\"><i class=\"lqd-icn-ess icon-num-8\"><\/i><\/span><\/div>\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Mary as the \u201cfirst disciple\u201d: the final re-evaluation<\/h2>\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-turn-id=\"9754071b-c0d5-4c95-bdcb-9e8ec4e21e37\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-72\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] thread-sm:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] thread-lg:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] thread-lg:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"b13d1230-f154-4fbb-87f5-dfbc1e760d50\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p>In the concluding part, the document proposes some firm criteria:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the immediate union is with Christ, not with Mary;<\/li>\n<li>God does not need Mary to save or to give grace;<\/li>\n<li>Mary does not alter Christ&#8217;s mediation;<\/li>\n<li>her motherhood in grace is only a consequence of the biological fact of being the mother of Jesus;<\/li>\n<li>she is <b>the first disciple<\/b>, more disciple than mother.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This re-evaluation is consistent with the New Testament, where episodes concerning Mary are very few and often show a detached relationship:<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 <i>What do you want from me, woman?<\/i> (Jn 2:4)<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 <i>Who is my mother? Who are my brothers?<\/i> (Lk 8:21)<\/p>\n<p>The document openly acknowledges that <b>many Marian expressions are not based on Scripture<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>And this coincides exactly with what I have been repeating since 2010: first we must read the texts, then distinguish what they say from what theology has constructed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; responsive_css=&#8221;margin_top_small:30px&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_separator color=&#8221;black&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1765447407617{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 50px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1765447135265{margin-top: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion \u2013 Returning to the texts to truly understand Mary<\/h2>\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-turn-id=\"9754071b-c0d5-4c95-bdcb-9e8ec4e21e37\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-72\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] thread-sm:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] thread-lg:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] thread-lg:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"b13d1230-f154-4fbb-87f5-dfbc1e760d50\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p>Ultimately, the Note presents a figure of Mary who retains great emotional and symbolic value for the faithful, but who must be brought back to her original role theologically.<\/p>\n<p>Mary remains:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the mother of Jesus,<\/li>\n<li>the first disciple,<\/li>\n<li>a model of faith,<\/li>\n<li>a consoling figure in popular piety.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But she is not:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the co-redemptrix,<\/li>\n<li>the universal mediator,<\/li>\n<li>the dispenser of grace,<\/li>\n<li>the quasi-divine figure that centuries of devotion have imagined.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Above all, none of this belongs in the biblical texts. To truly understand who Mary was, we need to open the Gospels and read:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>how Jesus addresses her,<\/li>\n<li>how little she appears,<\/li>\n<li>how little she understood\u2014according to the accounts\u2014her son&#8217;s mission,<\/li>\n<li>how much her figure was exaggerated later, not in the texts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The texts do not change. Only the interpretations change.<\/p>\n<p><b>And to address even the most delicate issues of faith \u2014 such as that of Mary \u2014 with intellectual honesty, we must always return to the original documents.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>They are the ones that speak. And they often tell a very different story from the one that tradition has constructed.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row fade_scroll=&#8221;yes&#8221; enable_content_animation=&#8221;yes&#8221; animation_preset=&#8221;Fade In Up&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1747930724485{padding-bottom: 25px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;abstract&#8221;]On the occasion of the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, I thought it appropriate to return to a theme that has been present in Christian theology for centuries: the figure of Mary. A figure who, over time, has taken on an increasingly complex role, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2341,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[44,56,188,230,340,341,130,262,192],"class_list":["post-2380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-antico-testamento-en","tag-bibbia-en","tag-chiesa-en","tag-gesu-en","tag-immacolata","tag-madonna","tag-maria-en","tag-vangeli-en","tag-vaticano-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Immaculate mediatrix - Mauro Biglino<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Vatican Note redefines Mary&#039;s role: between devotion and doctrinal limits, here is what the texts say and what remains for faith.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maurobiglino.com\/en\/immaculate-mediatrix-mary-in-the-vatican-note\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Immaculate mediatrix - 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