{"id":1809,"date":"2025-03-27T10:17:05","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:17:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.maurobiglino.com\/shabbat-rivelazione-o-tradizione-antica\/"},"modified":"2025-03-27T10:27:32","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T10:27:32","slug":"shabbat-revelation-or-ancient-tradition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.maurobiglino.com\/en\/shabbat-revelation-or-ancient-tradition\/","title":{"rendered":"Shabbat: revelation or ancient tradition?"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row fade_scroll=”yes” enable_content_animation=”yes” animation_preset=”Fade In Up” css=”.vc_custom_1725610425174{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text el_class=”abstract”]Among the monotheistic religions, the <\/span>Shabbat<\/b> is one of the central concepts that distinguishes the Jewish tradition from the others. But if Saturday is considered a holy day by Jews, Sunday is for Christians, and Friday for Muslims. I have always wondered: <\/span>who originated all this?<\/span><\/i> According to the traditional narrative, it was <\/span>God himself<\/b> \u2013 the biblical God \u2013 who instituted the Shabbat as an exclusive sign of the covenant with the people of Israel.<\/span><\/p>\n

But is this really the case? I have studied the subject in depth, discovering roots of the Shabbat that are much older and more widespread than we have been taught.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=”yes” animation_preset=”Fade In Up” css=”.vc_custom_1725610643039{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 50px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_video link=”https:\/\/youtu.be\/zGnKSfO4dEA” align=”center”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1743070852033{margin-top: 5px !important;margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

English subtitles<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=”yes” animation_preset=”Fade In Up”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Shabbat: foundation of faith or instrument of domination?<\/h2>\n

I’ll start with an authoritative definition. According to Rabbi <\/span>Isidor Grunfeld<\/b>, Shabbat is <\/span>\u201cyesod ha-emun\u00e0\u201d<\/span><\/i>, or the <\/span>true foundation of the Jewish faith<\/b>. A pillar of Jewish spirituality, to the point that it is said: <\/span>\u201cThe Shabbat preserved the Jews, because the Jews preserved the Shabbat.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

But what does observing the Sabbath really mean? The Bible talks about it in general terms: <\/span>\u201cabstaining from all work\u201d<\/b>. But what is meant by <\/span>\u201cwork\u201d<\/span><\/i>? The texts do not fully clarify this point. Originally, the prohibited activities were related to the construction of the Temple. Over time, the rabbis systematized this concept into <\/span>39 precise categories of prohibitions (melakhot)<\/b>, adding further restrictions (<\/span>ghezeroth<\/span><\/i>) to avoid any infringement, even unintentional.<\/span><\/p>\n

Behind this regulatory framework there is a very specific idea: on the day of Shabbat, man must suspend all exercise of his power over nature, all productive or transformative acts, to symbolically recognize that <\/span>the universe belongs to God<\/b>.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=”yes” animation_preset=”Fade In Up” responsive_css=”margin_top_large:30px|margin_bottom_large:50px|margin_bottom_small:30px”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_single_image image=”1796″ alignment=”center”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=”yes” animation_preset=”Fade In Up” css=”.vc_custom_1725610661138{margin-top: 30px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

The 39 melakhot and the extension of the prohibitions<\/h2>\n

The <\/span>melakhot<\/b> are not simple <\/span>\u201cworks\u201d<\/span><\/i>, but creative and productive activities, manifestations of man’s ability to transform the world. Some examples? <\/span>Sowing, lighting a fire, building, writing, grinding, dyeing, transporting objects<\/b> from a private to a public space. The <\/span>\u201cghezeroth\u201d<\/span><\/i> expand these prohibitions even further: <\/span>washing your hands over the grass<\/b> is forbidden because it is equivalent to irrigation; <\/span>changing the water in a flowerpot<\/b> could favor plant growth. Even <\/span>taking a child out of the house in a pram<\/b> can violate the Shabbat, unless a non-Jew does it. All this to avoid any risk of violation.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=”yes” animation_preset=”Fade In Up” responsive_css=”margin_top_large:30px|margin_bottom_large:50px|margin_bottom_small:30px”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_single_image image=”1801″ alignment=”center”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=”yes” animation_preset=”Fade In Up” css=”.vc_custom_1725610661138{margin-top: 30px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Is the Shabbat really an exclusive revelation from God?<\/h2>\n

By studying in depth the archaeological studies of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, I discovered that the <\/span>Shabbat<\/b> already existed centuries earlier in Mesopotamian culture under the name of <\/span>\u201csabbatu\u201d<\/span><\/i>, a day dedicated to total rest. It was practiced by the <\/span>Akkadians, Assyrians and Babylonians<\/b>, suggesting that <\/span>Yahweh<\/b>, identified as one of the <\/span>Elohim<\/b>, had adapted an already existing practice.<\/span><\/p>\n

These customs, centuries before the time of Moses, were part of Mesopotamian culture and the word <\/span>\u201csabbatu\u201d<\/span><\/i> appears to be the direct ancestor of the Jewish Shabbat, sharing its spirit and social function.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=”yes” animation_preset=”Fade In Up” responsive_css=”margin_top_large:30px|margin_bottom_large:50px|margin_bottom_small:30px”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_single_image image=”1799″ alignment=”center”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=”yes” animation_preset=”Fade In Up” css=”.vc_custom_1725610661138{margin-top: 30px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

What if the Shabbat was inherited from the Elohim?<\/h2>\n

According to an alternative reading of the Bible as a historical text, it could be a cultural transmission between peoples and divinities. From this point of view, <\/span>Yahweh<\/b> would have been nothing more than one of the <\/span>Elohim<\/b>, local rulers described in ancient texts. Each one had his own people, territory and rules. The <\/span>Shabbat<\/b>, therefore, would be nothing more than a rule shared among several Elohim, adapted to the Israelite context.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=”yes” animation_preset=”Fade In Up” responsive_css=”margin_top_large:30px|margin_bottom_large:50px|margin_bottom_small:30px”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_single_image image=”1804″ alignment=”center”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=”yes” animation_preset=”Fade In Up” css=”.vc_custom_1725610661138{margin-top: 30px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

The role of the Shabbat in the preservation of Jewish identity<\/h2>\n

This does not detract from the historical and identity value that the Shabbat has had (and continues to have) for the Jewish people. It has been fundamental for cultural and religious cohesion during centuries of diaspora.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, it should not be considered an exclusive and \u201cdivinely revealed\u201d<\/i> institution. It is an ancient cultural product, it has traveled among civilizations and has been transformed over time, while maintaining a clear symbolic function: to remind man that he is not the absolute master of the world<\/b>.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=”yes” animation_preset=”Fade In Up” css=”.vc_custom_1739867379545{margin-top: 30px !important;margin-bottom: 50px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_separator color=”black”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row enable_content_animation=”yes” animation_preset=”Fade In Up” css=”.vc_custom_1725610661138{margin-top: 30px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n

Through the analysis of rabbinic texts and archaeological discoveries, it is clear that <\/span>Shabbat<\/b>, considered one of the pillars of divine revelation, is in fact part of an ancient tradition shared among Mesopotamian civilizations. This invites us to reflect on how many religious <\/span>\u201crevelations\u201d<\/span><\/i> are in fact reinterpreted and handed down traditions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shabbat<\/b> seems to be one of the most significant examples.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row fade_scroll=”yes” enable_content_animation=”yes” animation_preset=”Fade In Up” css=”.vc_custom_1725610425174{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}”][vc_column width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text el_class=”abstract”]Among the monotheistic religions, the Shabbat is one of the central concepts that distinguishes the Jewish tradition from the others. But if Saturday is considered a holy day by Jews, Sunday is for Christians, and Friday for Muslims. I have always wondered: who originated […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1807,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[218,211,216,217,55,212,213,214,215],"class_list":["post-1809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-ancient-traditions","tag-archeologia-biblica-en","tag-biblical-archaeology","tag-comparative-religions","tag-elohim-en","tag-mesopotamia-en","tag-religioni-comparate-en","tag-shabbat-en","tag-tradizioni-antiche-en"],"yoast_head":"\nShabbat: revelation or ancient tradition? - Mauro Biglino<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the true origins of the Shabbat: an exclusive divine revelation or an ancient tradition shared with Mesopotamian civilizations?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maurobiglino.com\/en\/shabbat-revelation-or-ancient-tradition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Shabbat: revelation or ancient tradition?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover the true origins of the Shabbat: an exclusive divine revelation or an ancient tradition shared with Mesopotamian civilizations?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.maurobiglino.com\/en\/shabbat-revelation-or-ancient-tradition\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mauro Biglino\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/maurobiglinoit\/?fref=ts\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-03-27T10:17:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-27T10:27:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.maurobiglino.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/shabbat-tradizione-religione.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mauro Biglino\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mauro Biglino\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.maurobiglino.com\\\/en\\\/shabbat-revelation-or-ancient-tradition\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.maurobiglino.com\\\/en\\\/shabbat-revelation-or-ancient-tradition\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mauro Biglino\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.maurobiglino.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/dbb4628b6646b4111c071e24ccae4091\"},\"headline\":\"Shabbat: revelation or ancient tradition?\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-27T10:17:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-27T10:27:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.maurobiglino.com\\\/en\\\/shabbat-revelation-or-ancient-tradition\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1298,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.maurobiglino.com\\\/en\\\/shabbat-revelation-or-ancient-tradition\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.maurobiglino.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/shabbat-tradizione-religione.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Ancient traditions\",\"Archeologia biblica\",\"Biblical archaeology\",\"Comparative religions\",\"Elohim\",\"Mesopotamia\",\"Religioni Comparate\",\"Shabbat\",\"Tradizioni Antiche\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Blog\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.maurobiglino.com\\\/en\\\/shabbat-revelation-or-ancient-tradition\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.maurobiglino.com\\\/en\\\/shabbat-revelation-or-ancient-tradition\\\/\",\"name\":\"Shabbat: revelation or ancient tradition? 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